Spanish C2 · Day 13
Day 13: Creencias justificadas y su impugnación — Past epistemic readings of deber de
What you'll learn
- Grammar: Past epistemic readings of deber de
- Reading: El archivo impugnado
- Try it yourself
Every lesson: vocabulary with audio, grammar, reading, a speaking step and a short test.
Grammar point: Past epistemic readings of deber de
In disputes over archival evidence or historical attribution, past epistemic readings of deber de allow a writer to formulate justified beliefs based on indirect evidence without converting a hypothesis into an established fact. “El cronista debe de haber compuesto el manuscrito hacia 1615” frames the deduction from the speaker’s present viewpoint ( debe ) about a completed prior event ( haber compuesto ). …
Key vocabulary (8 of 20 words)
- la derrotabilidad – defeasibility; susceptibility to being overturned
- el fundamento justificatorio – ground for justification
- el derrotador socavador – reason that undermines the connection between evidence and belief
- el derrotador refutador – reason that supports rejecting a belief
- la creencia de trasfondo – background assumption
- la carga justificatoria – burden of justification
- el reparo epistémico – qualification concerning what can be known
- la revisabilidad – need for revision
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